Abstract: In this paper, the diversity and extensive distribution of Chinese traditional regional aromatic rice cultivar resources were summarized. Based on the analysis of the special ecological factors of the habitats such as metrological factors, soil factors and factors of irrigated water, the author thinks that the biodiversity of Chinese traditional regional aromatic rice cultivars were caused by 2 special factors of the special habitat: suitable temperature of the soil and the gas, especially the mean daily temperature during the filling stage of the aromatic rice should be 23℃; nutritional elements content of the irrigated water and paddy field and the ratio of them. In order to discover the mechanism of the aroma production by Chinese traditional regional aromatic rice, there are 2 new ideas to discuss:（1）Find out the key nutritional elements made the aroma production and find out the key stages and organs which affected by the key nutritional elements. （2）Certify the reasons for the enrichment of the key nutritional elements in the plant organs. Generally, there are 2 main reasons we should consider, one is the special biological characteristic of the rice cultivar, and the other is the characteristics of the soil and the nutritional elements content and ratio of the soil and irrigated water.

Key words: Chinese, aromatic rice, cultivar resource, bio-diversity, habitat, mechanism of the aroma production

摘要： 本文综述了中国传统地方香稻品种资源的多样性及其分布的广泛性，在分析中国传统地方香稻的生境气候生态因子的特殊性、生境土壤生态因子的特殊性、生境灌溉水生态因子的特殊性的基础上，笔者认为使中国传统地方香稻致香的主要原因有以下几个方面：适宜的地温和气温，尤其是灌浆结实期以日均温23℃为最适宜；灌溉水和土壤中一定的营养元素含量和组成比例。因此，笔者认为揭示中国传统地方香稻成香机理有2个新的研究思路可以探索：一是要找出关键的成香营养元素及其影响香稻的主要时期和主要器官；二是弄清楚成香的关键营养元素富集的成因，即成香的关键营养元素是由于植株本身的特殊生物学特性富集而成，还是由于土壤的性质、土壤和灌溉水中营养元素的特殊组成情况所致。

关键词: 中国, 香稻, 品种资源, 多样性, 生态环境, 成香机理